Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

Which structure is responsible for detoxification and metabolism in cells?

1. Lysosomes

2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3. Mitochondria

4. Golgi apparatus

The correct answer is: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) plays a critical role in detoxification and metabolism within cells. Its structure is characterized by the absence of ribosomes, which distinguishes it from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This unique feature is significant because it allows the SER to perform functions such as the synthesis of lipids and steroids, along with the metabolism of carbohydrates. Moreover, the SER is particularly important for detoxifying harmful substances, including drugs and alcohol. It achieves this by converting lipophilic toxins into hydrophilic compounds that can be more easily excreted from the body. This function is vital in maintaining cellular health and overall homeostasis. In contrast, lysosomes are primarily involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris, while mitochondria are primarily known for energy production through ATP synthesis. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to different cellular compartments, but it does not directly partake in detoxification processes. Thus, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum stands out as the key structure responsible for detoxification and metabolism within cells.