Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?

1. They are equal in number

2. Protons outnumber electrons

3. Electrons outnumber protons

4. They have a different impact on atomic mass

The correct answer is: They are equal in number

In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. This balance is what defines the atomic charge; when protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged) are present in equal amounts, their charges cancel each other out, resulting in no overall charge. This fundamental principle is essential for understanding atomic structure, as it maintains the stability of the atom and plays a crucial role in chemical interactions. The other statements address aspects that are not applicable to neutral atoms. For instance, in a neutral atom, protons cannot outnumber or be outnumbered by electrons, as that would result in a charged atom. The assertion about different impacts on atomic mass is also irrelevant in the context of a neutral atom since both protons and electrons contribute to the total mass of the atom, but in different proportions, with protons having a far greater mass than electrons. Thus, the accurate statement characterizing the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom is their equality in number.