Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

Which organelle is responsible for digesting worn-out organelles, food particles, and pathogens?

1. Mitochondria

2. Lysosomes

3. Ribosomes

4. Golgi apparatus

The correct answer is: Lysosomes

Lysosomes play a crucial role in the cell by acting as the primary site for the digestion of macromolecules and the degradation of cellular debris. They contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. This process is essential for maintaining cellular health, as it allows for the recycling of cellular components and helps eliminate damaged or dysfunctional organelles, food particles, and invading pathogens. In the context of cellular functioning, when a cell's components become old or no longer serve a purpose, lysosomes fuse with these components, and their enzymes begin the breakdown process, effectively cleaning up the cell's internal environment. This function is particularly important in processes like autophagy, where cells consume their own organelles and proteins to maintain their energy balance and overall health. Other organelles mentioned have distinct functions: mitochondria are primarily involved in energy production; ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis; and the Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Understanding these specific functions highlights the unique and vital role that lysosomes play in cellular maintenance and health.