Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

Which of the following accurately describes RNA?

1. A double-stranded nucleic acid involved in genetic replication

2. A single-stranded molecule that carries genetic code for protein synthesis

3. A type of lipid that supports cell membrane structure

4. A complex carbohydrate that provides energy to cells

The correct answer is: A single-stranded molecule that carries genetic code for protein synthesis

The description of RNA as a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic code for protein synthesis is accurate. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in the process of translating genetic information into proteins. Unlike DNA, which is double-stranded and serves primarily as the genetic blueprint, RNA is typically single-stranded and comes in several forms, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), each serving specific functions in protein synthesis. mRNA is particularly significant as it is transcribed from DNA and carries the codons that encode amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This process is known as transcription, followed by translation, which involves tRNA bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled based on the sequence of the mRNA. The other descriptions do not accurately depict RNA. RNA is not double-stranded, nor is it a type of lipid or a complex carbohydrate, which are distinct classes of macromolecules with different roles in biological systems.