Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What role does RNA play in the cell?

1. It stores genetic information for future generations

2. It assists in the replication of DNA during cell division

3. It carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to sites of protein synthesis

4. It serves as a structural component of the cell membrane

The correct answer is: It carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to sites of protein synthesis

RNA plays a crucial role in the cell by carrying the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the sites of protein synthesis, primarily the ribosomes. This process is vital for the translation of genetic information into functional proteins, which are essential for various cellular processes and overall organismal function. During transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template. This mRNA strand then travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a guide for assembling amino acids in the correct order to form proteins. The accuracy of this process is critical, as proteins perform a vast array of functions, including enzyme activity, cellular structure, and signaling pathways. The incorrect options highlight distinct functions: storing genetic information is primarily the role of DNA, not RNA. The replication of DNA is also a function associated with specific enzymes and DNA polymerase, while RNA has a role in transcription and translation. Lastly, RNA does not serve as a structural component of the cell membrane, which is primarily made up of lipids and proteins. Thus, the function of RNA in transporting genetic information for protein synthesis is fundamental and distinguishes it within cellular processes.