Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What is the primary role of the nucleolus within a cell?

1. Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

2. Production of ATP

3. Modification of proteins

4. Storage of genetic material

The correct answer is: Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

The nucleolus plays a crucial role within the cell primarily focused on synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA). This specialized structure is found within the nucleus and is the site where rRNA is transcribed and combined with proteins to form the subunits of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. Without the nucleolus's function, cells would be unable to produce ribosomes effectively, leading to impaired protein synthesis. In contrast, the other options describe functions associated with different cellular components. The production of ATP is primarily handled by the mitochondria, which generate energy for the cell. The modification of proteins occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, where proteins undergo folding, modifications, and are sorted for transport. Lastly, the storage of genetic material is the function of the nucleus itself, which contains the cell's DNA. Therefore, the specific role of the nucleolus in synthesizing rRNA distinctly sets it apart in cellular function.