Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What is DNA primarily responsible for in living organisms?

1. A double-stranded structure that aids in protein synthesis

2. A molecule that determines the inherited structure of proteins

3. A type of nucleic acid that facilitates cell division

4. A single-stranded molecule that transports genetic information

The correct answer is: A molecule that determines the inherited structure of proteins

DNA is primarily responsible for determining the inherited structure of proteins. It serves as the blueprint for the synthesis of proteins, which play crucial roles in the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes the information needed to produce specific proteins through processes such as transcription and translation. This genetic information is passed from one generation to the next, ensuring that inherited characteristics and traits are maintained within an organism and its progeny. While the double-stranded structure of DNA is indeed important for its stability and function, it specifically carries the information for protein synthesis rather than directly aiding in that process. The roles of nucleic acids in cell division and the transport of genetic material usually pertain to RNA, which serves as a messenger and plays a role in translating the genetic code into proteins. DNA, in contrast, primarily stores and transmits genetic information rather than facilitating these other functions directly.