Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What is a dipole?

1. A type of ion formed by gaining electrons

2. The separation of charge due to differences in electronegativity in a covalent bond

3. A neutral atom undergoing a chemical reaction

4. A metallic bond formed between metals

The correct answer is: The separation of charge due to differences in electronegativity in a covalent bond

A dipole refers to the separation of charge that occurs when there is a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a covalent bond. In such bonds, one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other, leading to an uneven distribution of electron density. This creates a positive end and a negative end, hence the term "dipole," which indicates two poles of charge. This concept is fundamental in understanding molecular behavior, polarity, and interactions in various chemical and physical processes. Molecules that have a dipole moment are polar, which influences their solubility in solvents, their interaction with other polar molecules, and their overall stability. The other options do not accurately capture the concept of a dipole; thus, option B is the most precise and appropriate answer concerning the definition of a dipole in chemistry.