Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What is a chromosome?

1. A cellular structure where proteins are synthesized

2. A structure carrying genes, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein

3. A part of the cell that stores energy

4. A structure that transports nutrients across the cell membrane

The correct answer is: A structure carrying genes, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein

A chromosome is accurately described as a structure that carries genes, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and is made up of DNA and protein. This is fundamental to understanding genetic material and inheritance. Each chromosome contains numerous genes, which are unique sequences of DNA that code for proteins or have regulatory functions. The DNA in chromosomes is tightly packed around proteins called histones, allowing it to fit within the nucleus and helping to regulate gene expression. The structure and organization of chromosomes play a crucial role during cell division, ensuring that genetic material is accurately duplicated and distributed between daughter cells. This is essential for maintaining the integrity of genetic information across generations. In contrast to the other options, which describe different cellular components and functions, the choice identifying a chromosome specifically emphasizes its role in genetics and cellular structure, making it the most accurate answer.