Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What fluid component of blood plays various roles including transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products?

1. Platelets

2. Plasma

3. Red blood cells

4. White blood cells

The correct answer is: Plasma

Plasma is the component of blood that serves multiple essential functions, including the transportation of nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It constitutes about 55% of total blood volume and is primarily made up of water, but it also contains proteins, electrolytes, gases, and other solutes. One of the critical roles of plasma is to act as a medium for transporting various substances; it carries nutrients absorbed from food, distributes hormones produced by glands, facilitates the removal of metabolic waste products, and helps maintain the body's pH and fluid balance. In contrast, platelets are primarily involved in blood clotting, while red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport, and white blood cells play a key role in the immune response. Understanding the distinct functions of these components illustrates why plasma is essential for transporting a broad range of substances within the circulatory system.