Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What causes hiccups in the human body?

1. Spasms in the diaphragm

2. Rapid breathing

3. Gastroesophageal reflux

4. Excessive laughter

The correct answer is: Spasms in the diaphragm

Hiccups occur primarily due to spasms in the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and plays a crucial role in breathing. When the diaphragm involuntarily contracts suddenly and forcefully, it causes the lungs to draw in air quickly. This action is then immediately followed by the closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic "hic" sound associated with hiccups. Various factors can lead to these spasms, including overeating, consuming carbonated beverages, or sudden changes in temperature. While options like rapid breathing, gastroesophageal reflux, or excessive laughter could contribute to the conditions under which hiccups might occur, they are not the direct cause of the diaphragm's spasms that initiate the hiccupping reflex. Understanding that the primary mechanism of hiccups is related to the diaphragm's involuntary movements helps elucidate why this option is the correct answer in the context of the question.