Algonquin College Health Program Assessment (AC-HPAT) Practice Exam

What carries energy generated by the mitochondria to where it's required within the cell?

1. Glucose

2. ATP

3. NADH

4. Creatine phosphate

The correct answer is: ATP

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the molecule that carries energy generated by the mitochondria to where it is required within the cell. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the conversion of nutrients, such as glucose, into energy, using oxygen in a multi-step pathway that produces ATP. Once ATP is produced, it serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. It releases energy when it is hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate group. This energy release drives various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. In context, while glucose is a source of energy that is broken down to generate ATP, it does not transport energy itself. NADH plays a role in transporting electrons during cellular respiration and is involved in the production of ATP but does not directly carry energy to cellular processes. Creatine phosphate serves as a quick energy reserve in certain tissues, such as muscles, but it still relies on ATP for its energy delivery. Thus, ATP is uniquely positioned as the direct carrier of energy for immediate cellular